Nuclear Poligons in Kazakstan.The first test was performed on August 29, 1949 in the Semei testing area. Lavrentij Beriya was solely responsible before the Kremlin for the success of this experiment. He drew up two lists. On first, in case of success, he listed the scientists who were recommended to receive awards, by the second one, in case of failure, they were sentenced to be shot.From this day the Soviet military-industrial complex waged an undeclared war against the people of Kazakstan. This was the beginning of the nuclear tragedy of Kazakstan which lasted over 40 years. Almost the entire republic turned into one boundless nuclear testing area - all regions, from the Caspian Sea to the Altai, suffered from the nuclear tests.First success inspired the Soviet nuclear physicists. To please the military-industrial complex they even intensified research works on the development of the nuclear weapon. On the 12 of August, 1953 the first thermonuclear device was tested and on 22 of November, 1955 the world heard about a super-power Soviet hydrogen bomb, created by Academician A. Sakharov. Immediately after the testing of these charges in the testing area and adjoining settlements the scientists recorded local radioactive precipitation. For instance, in Karaul village capacity of a dose was 250 R/h, in Dolon' - 200 R/h, in Kainar and Sarzhal - 150 R/h. For a period of tests local dwellers were evacuated to the neighboring region but only nine days after the explosion, when the capacity of a dose amounted to 40-60 mR/h, dwellers of the Karaul settlement were returned back to their houses. Dwellers of other settlements came back to their homes a little bit later though level of radiation was still high - 25-35 mR/h. Altogether throughout the forty years of nuclear tests in Semei testing area 470 nuclear explosions were performed, of them 118 ground and air explosions with capacity as high as 100 kt, within the period from 1949to 1963.

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